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值得庆幸的是,在20世纪70年代初,天花病毒就已被消灭,也结束了对全美婴儿的强制接种。不过,该病若卷土重来,就还要实行强制接种,这必将造成由接种而带来更多的意外死亡。本是一件好事的接种工作背后隐藏着不少谩骂和非议。
Part B
本部分内容请参见Part B(二) 答案解析及参考译文
Part C
篇章导读
本文的中心内容为如何改进公众对科学研究的认识。文章首先提出了虽然不同领域间的相互受益在科学界被广为认同,但公众却不清楚这一事实,之后阐述了改进公众对科学认识的时机已经成熟并讲述了如何提高公众对科学研究的认识,最后作者以农业为例,说明了其它学科领域的研究对生物医学进步所起的作用。
思路解析
46。本句的句子主干结构为“。。。the scientific community could build a more effective case for public support of all science。。。”,其中“Because。。。is strong”为because引导的原因状语从句,“by articulating。。。”为方式状语,在该方式状语中how引导“articulate”的宾语从句。
47。本句的句子主干结构为“。。。we can work to enhance public appreciation of scientific research。。。”,其中“by showing。。。”为方式状语,在该方式状语中how引导“show”的宾语从句。
48。本句为简单句。句子的主干结构为“。。。it may appear to have made few significant contributions to biomedical advances。。。”,在该句中“related to human nutrition”为形容词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的“those。”
49。本句的主句为“it was。。。that”的强调句型,其中“at the turn of the century”为时间状语,该时间状语包含一个when引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰前面的“the turn of the century”,该定语从句为连词and连接的并列结构。
50。本句为主从复合句。句子的主干结构为“。。。it is the latest discoveries。。。that reveal its true importance to biomedicine”,该主句为“it was。。。that”的强调句型,“that have been made in agricultural research”为that引导的限制性定语从句,修饰前面的“discoveries。”
参考译文
“所有的研究都带来生物医学的进步”这一古训同样适用于科学界。不同领域间的相互受益在科学界被广为认同,但公众或公共政策制定者未必清楚这一事实。(46) 因为公众对资助生物医学研究的支持很大,科学界需要通过宣传其他学科的研究如何有利于生物医学的发展,才可能很有效地向公众证明其支持所有学科的理由。
改进公众对科学认识的时机已经成熟。一项最近的全国科学基金会调查显示,美国人仍继续支持科研开支。此外,民意投票也表明科学家和科学界领导人享有极高的公众威望。(47) 我们不应该由于公众对科学缺乏理解而伤感。我们能够向公众展示各个研究领域的密切关系和对生物医学进步的作用,从而努力提高公众对科学研究的认识。决定性的任务是要用简单易懂的表达向公众传达,所有科学领域的研究都会带来个别和整体的利益。
以农业研究为例。(48)表面上看,除了与人类营养直接相关的方面以外,农业研究对生物医学的发展几乎没有做出什么显著的贡献。然而这种观点不正确。在营养学方面,维生素的发现就极好地证明了农业和生物医学研究的互相联系。(49) 本世纪初,维生素的概念还未出现,营养学还未作为一门科学存在的时候,恰好是在农业化学部门中第一次真正地证实了维生素。单谷种植实验证实了维生素A和B的存在,某些矿物(铁和铜)的重要作用也在稍后被证实,而这些发现奠定了现代人类营养研究的基础。
(50)但是,尽管有这样的直接联系,正是在农业研究中已取得的最新发现才揭示了该研究对于生物医学的重要性。救命的抗生素如链霉索是在土壤微生物中发现的。最初的胚胎移植是在奶牛上完成的,而相关的研究加深了对人类生殖的理解。
Section Ⅲ Writing
参考范文
Part A
51。
Dear Sir;
I write this letter to inquire about the post your company advertised in the newspaper yesterday。 I intend to apply for the job vacancy of the manager’s secretary。 I’m very interested in the job。
I think I have the needed qualifications for the position in your business。 I’m good at short hand; and my spoken English is much fluent。 And above all; I have enough experience for the job because I once worked as a secretary in another foreignowned enterprise。 I strongly believe I’m extremely well qualified for the job。
I’ve learned your company enjoys good reputation and shows great promise worldwide。 I wish to get an interview opportunity。 I’m expecting an early reply from your company。
Sincerely;
Tom
Part B
52。
This cartoon presents in front of us a sharp contrast between two types of neighbors。 The two pet neighbors greet each other politely and amiably while the two lonely human neighbors seem to ignore each other。 When we take a walk in any of the cities in the modern society; we can often observe such a sad scene in which social interactions have been grievously diminishing。
There are more and more urban residents who love raising pets。 Pet…keeping is becoming increasingly pervasive because a pet may be a companion for old people; a friend for young couples; and a playing toy for children。 Believe it or not; pets are such an inseparable part in their daily life that they often devote lots of energy; time and money to taking care of the needs of their loved animals。 Small wonder; such devotion to pet…raising points to a truth of great importance today — loneliness in a busy world。
Since most people have to live on an on…the…move lifestyle; they are probably denied opportunities to share their feelings with their friends and relatives。 Whereas pets will be good listeners。 Where there are so many dishonesties going around; they must stay with a dog; which is likely to be faithful to them。 It seems that an individual is being ridiculous if he starts conversations with his neighbors; so he often has no alternative but to enjoy the company of pets。 That’s why the scene depicted in the cartoon is not uncommon in our daily life。
Our life would be; of course; enjoyable if we have pets。 But we would enjoy much more meaningful life if the two human neighbors started a talk to each other in a friendly way; just like the two dogs。
范文译文
这幅漫画向我们展示了两类邻居之间的鲜明对比。做邻居的两只宠物友好而亲切地彼此问候而做邻居的两个孤单的人却互相视而不见。在现代社会里,这样的情景在我们漫步时随处可见。
如今越来越多的人喜欢饲养宠物。由于宠物能够成为老人的伙伴,年轻夫妇的朋友以及小孩的玩具,饲养宠物也越来越屡见不鲜。尽管难以置信,宠物已经成为人们日常生活中必不可少的部分。人们常常倾心倾力的为心爱的宠物费尽精力、时间和金钱,为它们所需的一切着想。这些并不足为奇,但这样的投入也正反映了当今社会的一个重要事实——在这匆匆世界里的无尽孤独�