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beginning on or after 1 July 1999。
Summary of IAS 37
IAS 37 requires that:
provisions should be recognised in the balance sheet when; and only when: an enterprise has a
present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event; it is probable (i。e。 more likely
than not) that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the
obligation; and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation;
provisions should be measured in the balance sheet at the best estimate of the expenditure
required to settle the present obligation at the balance sheet date; in other words; the amount that an
enterprise would rationally pay to settle the obligation; or to transfer it to a third party; at that date。
For this purpose; an enterprise should take risks and uncertainties into account。 However;
uncertainty does not justify the creation of excessive provisions or a deliberate overstatement of
liabilities。 An enterprise should discount a provision where the effect of the time value of money is
material and should take future events; such as changes in the law and technological changes; into
account where there is sufficient objective evidence that they will occur;
the amount of a provision should not be reduced by gains from the expected disposal of assets
(even if the expected disposal is closely linked to the event giving rise to the provision) nor by
expected reimbursements (for example; through insurance contracts; indemnity clauses or
suppliersV warranties)。 When it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received if the
enterprise settles the obligation; the reimbursement should be recognised as a separate asset; and
a provision should be used only for expenditures for which the provision was originally
recognised and should be reversed if an outflow of resources is no longer probable。
recognised and should be reversed if an outflow of resources is no longer probable。
a provision should not be recognised for future operating losses;
a provision should be recognised for an onerous contract …a contract in which the unavoidable
costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the expected economic benefits; and
a provision for restructuring costs should be recognised only when an enterprise has a detailed
formal plan for the restructuring and has raised a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry
out the restructuring by starting to implement that plan or announcing its main features to those
affected by it。 For this purpose; a management or board decision is not enough。 A restructuring
provision should exclude costs …such as retraining or relocating continuing staff; marketing or
investment in new systems and distribution networks …that are not necessarily entailed by the
restructuring or that are associated with the enterpriseVs ongoing activities。
IAS 37 prohibits the recognition of contingent liabilities and contingent assets。 An enterprise
should disclose a contingent liability; unless the possibility of an outflow of resources embodying
economic benefits is remote; and disclose a contingent asset if an inflow of economic benefits is
probable
国际会计准则第
37号准备、或有负债和或有资产
目的
本准则的目的是确保将适当的确认标准和计量基础运用于准备、或有负债和或有资
产,并确保在财务报表的附注中披露充分的信息,以使使用者能够理解它们的性质、时间和
金额。
范围
1.本准则适用于所有企业对以下各项之外的准备、或有负债和或有资产的会计核算:
(1)以公允价值计量的金融工具形成的准备、或有负债和或有资产:
(2)执行中的合同(除了亏损的执行中的合同)形成的准备、或有负债和或有资产;
(3)保险公司与保单持有人之间签订的合同形成的准备、或有负债和或有资产;以及
(4)由其他国际会计准则规范的准备、或有负债和或有资产。
2.本准则适用于不是以公允价值计量的金融工具(包括担保)。
3.执行中的合同是指双方均未履行任何义务或双方均同等程度地履行了部分义务的合
同。本准则不适用于执行中的合同,除非它是亏损的。
4.本准则适用于保险公司的准备、或有负债和或有资产,但不适用于其与保单持有人
之间签订的合同形成的准备、或有负债和或有资产。
5.如果其他国际会计准则规范了特定的准备、或有负债和或有资产,企业应运用该准
则而不是本准则,例如,关于以下项目的准则也规范了特定的准备:
(1)建造合同(参见《国际会计准则第
11号建造合同》);
(2)所得税(参见《国队会计准则第
12号所得税》);
)》租赁号17第则准计国际会《见参(租赁)3(
,但是,《国际会计准则第
17号》未对已
)。
变为亏损的经营租质的核算提出具体要求,因而本准则应适用于这些情况;
(4)雇员福利(参见《国际会计准则第
19号一雇员福利》
6.一些作为准备处理的金额可能与收入的确认有关,例如企业提供担保以收取费用,
本准则不涉及收入确认,《国际会计准则第
18号收入》明确了收入确认标准,并就确认标准
的应用提供了实务指南,本准则不改变《国际会计准则第
18号》的规定。
7.本准则将准备定义为时间或金额不确定的负债,在某些国家,“准备”也与一些项目
相联系使用,例如折旧,资产减值和坏账:这些是对资产账面金额的调整,本准则不涉及。
8.其他国际会计准则规定了支出是作为资产还是作为费用处理,本准则不涉及这些问
题,相应地,本准则既不禁止也不要求对提取准备时所确认的费用予以资本化。
9.本准刚适用于重组(包括中止营业)准备,重组符合中止营业的定义时,《国际会计
准则第
35号中止营业》可能要求提供附加的披露。
定义
10.本准则中使用的下列术语,其定义为:
准备,指时间或金额不确定的负债。
负债,指因过去事项而发生的企业的现时义务,该义务的结算预期会导致含经济利益的
资源流出企业。
义务事项,指形成法定或推定义务的事项,这些法定或推定义务使企业没有现实的选择,
只能结算该义务。
法定义务,指因以下任意项而发生的种义务:
只能结算该义务。
法定义务,指因以下任意项而发生的种义务:
(2)法规;
(3)法律的其他实施。
推定义务,福因企业的行为而产生的种义务,其中:
(1)由于以往实务的成型做法、公开的政策或相当明确的当前声明,企业已向其他方面
表明它将承担特定的责任;
(2)结果,企业使其他方面建立了个有效预期,即它将解除那些责任。
或有负债,指以下二者之:
(1)因过去事项而产生的潜在义务,其存在仅通过不完全由企业控制的个或数个不确定
未来事项的发生或不发生予以证实;
(2)因过去事项而产生、但因下列原因而未予确认的现时义务:
①结算该义务不是很可能要求含经济利益的资源流出企业;或
②该义务的金额�