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3。 Again； if the campaign is protracted； the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain。
4。 Now； when your weapons are dulled； your ardor damped； your strength exhausted and your treasure spent； other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity。 Then no man； however wise； will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue。
5。 Thus； though we have heard of stupid haste in war； cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays。
6。 There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare。
7。 It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on。
8。 The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy； neither are his supply…wagons loaded more than twice。
9。 Bring war material with you from home； but forage on the enemy。 Thus the army will have food enough for its needs。
10。 Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance。 Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished。
11。 On the other hand； the proximity of an army causes prices to go up； and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away。
12。 When their substance is drained away； the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions。
13；14。 With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength； the homes of the people will be stripped bare； and three…tenths of their ine will be dissipated； while government expenses for broken chariots； worn…out horses； breast…plates and helmets； bows and arrows； spears and shields； protective mantles； draught…oxen and heavy wagons； will amount to four…tenths of its total revenue。
15。 Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy。 One cartload of the enemy's provisions is equivalent to twenty of one's own； and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one's own store。
16。 Now in order to kill the enemy； our men must be roused to anger； that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy； they must have their rewards。
17。 Therefore in chariot fighting； when ten or more chariots have been taken； those should be rewarded who took the first。 Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy； and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours。 The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept。
18。 This is called； using the conquered foe to augment one's own strength。
19。 In war； then； let your great object be victory； not lengthy campaigns。
20。 Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people's fate； the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril。
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03《孫子兵法》止テ谌 �
孫子曰：凡用兵之法，全國為上，破國次之﹔全軍為上，破軍次之﹔全旅為上，破旅次之﹔全卒為上，破卒次之﹔全伍為上，破伍次之。是故百戰百勝，非善之善也﹔不戰而屈人之兵，善之善者也。
故上兵伐郑浯畏ソ唬浯畏ケ湎鹿コ恰９コ侵椴坏靡选Ｐ迿┺M轀、具器械、三月而後成，距闉，又三月而後已。將不勝其忿，而蟻附之，殺士三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之災也。故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非戰也。拔人之城而非攻也，破人之國而非久也，必以全爭于天下，故兵不頓，而利可全，此止ブㄒ病�
故用兵之法，十則圍之，五則攻之，倍則分之，敵則能戰之，少則能逃之，不若則能避之。故小敵之堅，大敵之擒也。
夫將者，國之輔也。輔周則國必強，輔隙則國必弱。
故君之所以患于軍者三：不知軍之不可以進而謂之進，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是為縻軍﹔不知三軍之事，而同三軍之政者，則軍士惑矣﹔不知三軍之權，而同三軍之任，則軍士疑矣。三軍既惑且疑，則諸侯之難至矣，是謂亂軍引勝。
故知勝有五：知可以戰與不可以戰者勝，識眾寡之用者勝，上下同欲者勝，以虞待不虞者勝，將能而君不御者勝。此五者，知勝之道也。
故曰：知己知彼，百戰不貽﹔不知彼而知己，一勝一負﹔不知彼不知己，每戰必貽。
III。 ATTACK BY STRATAGEM
1。 Sun Tzu said： In the practical art of war； the best thing of all is to take the enemy's country whole and intact； to shatter and destroy it is not so good。 So； too； it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it； to capture a regiment； a detachment or a pany entire than to destroy them。
2。 Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence； supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting。
3。 Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy's plans； the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy's forces； the next in order is to attack the enemy's army in the field； and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities。
4。 The rule is； not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided。 The preparation of mantlets； movable shelters； and various implements of war； will take up three whole months； and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more。
5。 The general； unable to control his irritation； will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants； with the result that one…third of his men are slain； while the town still remains untaken。 Such are the disastrous effects of a siege。
6。 Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting； he captures their cities without laying siege to them； he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field。
7。 With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire； and thus； without losing a man； his triumph will be plete。 This is the method of attacking by stratagem。
8。 It is the rule in war； if our forces are ten to the enemy's one； to surround him； if five to one； to attack him； if twice as numerous； to divide our army into two。
9。 If equally matched； we can offer battle； if slightly inferior in numbers； we can avoid the enemy； if quite unequal in every way； we can flee from him。
10。 Hence； though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force； in the end it must be captured by the larger force。
11。 Now the general is the bulwark of the State； if the bulwark is plete at all points； the State will be strong； if the bulwark is defective； the State will be weak。
12。 There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his