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XX
It is the second Jubilee。 Bonfires blaze upon the hills； making one think of the watchman on Agamemnon's citadel。 （It were more germane to the matter to think of Queen Elizabeth and the Armada。） Though wishing the uproar happily over； I can see the good in it as well as another man。 English monarchy； as we know it； is a triumph of English mon sense。 Grant that men cannot do without an overlord； how to make that over…lordship consist with the largest practical measure of national and individual liberty？ We； at all events； have for a time solved the question。 For a time only； of course； but consider the history of Europe； and our jubilation is perhaps justified。
For sixty years has the British Republic held on its way under one President。 It is wide of the mark to object that other Republics； which change their President more frequently； support the semblance of over…lordship at considerably less cost to the people。 Britons are minded for the present that the Head of their State shall be called King or Queen； the name is pleasant to them； it corresponds to a popular sentiment； vaguely understood； but still operative； which is called loyalty。 The majority thinking thus； and the system being found to work more than tolerably well； what purpose could be served by an attempt at novas res？ The nation is content to pay the price； it is the nation's affair。 Moreover； who can feel the least assurance that a change to one of the mon forms of Republicanism would be for the general advantage？ Do we find that countries which have made the experiment are so very much better off than our own in point of stable； quiet government and of national welfare？ The theorist scoffs at forms which have survived their meaning； at privilege which will bear no examination； at promises which sound ludicrous； at submissions which seem contemptible； but let him put forward his practical scheme for making all men rational； consistent； just。 Englishmen； I imagine； are not endowed with these qualities in any extraordinary degree。 Their strength； politically speaking； lies in a recognition of expediency； plemented by respect for the established fact。 One of the facts particularly clear to them is the suitability to their minds； their tempers； their habits； of a system of polity which has been established by the slow effort of generations within this sea…girt realm。 They have nothing to do with ideals： they never trouble themselves to think about the Rights of Man。 If you talk to them （long enough） about the rights of the shopman； or the ploughman； or the cat's… meat…man； they will lend ear； and； when the facts of any such case have been examined； they will find a way of dealing with them。 This characteristic of theirs they call mon Sense。 To them； all things considered； it has been of vast service； one may even say that the rest of the world has profited by it not a little。 That Unmon Sense might now and then have stood them even in better stead is nothing to the point。 The Englishman deals with things as they are； and first and foremost accepts his own being。
This Jubilee declares a legitimate triumph of the average man。 Look back for threescore years； and who shall affect to doubt that the time has been marked by many improvements in the material life of the English people？ Often have they been at loggerheads among themselves； but they have never flown at each other's throats； and from every grave dispute has resulted some substantial gain。 They are a cleaner people and a more sober； in every class there is a diminution of brutality； education……stand for what it may……has notably extended； certain forms of tyranny have been abolished； certain forms of suffering； due to heedlessness or ignorance； have been abated。 True； these are mere details； whether they indicate a solid advance in civilization cannot yet be determined。 But assuredly the average Briton has cause to jubilate； for the progressive features of the epoch are such as he can understand and approve； whereas the doubt which may be cast upon its ethical plexion is for him either non…existent or unintelligible。 So let cressets flare into the night from all the hills！ It is no purchased exultation； no servile flattery。 The People acclaims itself； yet not without genuine gratitude and affection towards the Representative of its glory and its power。 The Constitutional pact has been well preserved。 Review the record of kingdoms； and say how often it has e to pass that sovereign and people rejoiced together over bloodless victories。
XXI
At an inn in the north I once heard three men talking at their breakfast on the question of diet。 They agreed that most people ate too much meat； and one of them went so far as to declare that； for his part； he rather preferred vegetables and fruit。 〃Why；〃 he said； 〃will you believe me that I sometimes make a breakfast of apples？〃 This announcement was received in silence； evidently the two listeners didn't quite know what to think of it。 Thereupon the speaker； in rather a blustering tone； cried out； 〃Yes； I can make a very good breakfast on TWO OR THREE POUNDS OF APPLES。〃
Wasn't it amusing？ And wasn't it characteristic？ This honest Briton had gone too far in frankness。 'Tis all very well to like vegetables and fruits up to a certain point； but to breakfast on apples！ His panions' silence proved that they were just a little ashamed of him； his confession savoured of poverty or meanness； to right himself in their opinion； nothing better occurred to the man than to protest that he ate apples； yes； but not merely one or two； he ate them largely； BY THE POUND！ I laughed at the fellow； but I thoroughly understood him； so would every Englishman； for at the root of our being is a hatred of parsimony。 This manifests itself in all sorts of ludicrous or contemptible forms； but no less is it the source of our finest qualities。 An Englishman desires； above all； to live largely； on that account he not only dreads； but hates and despises； poverty。 His virtues are those of the free…handed and warm…hearted opulent man； his weaknesses e of the sense of inferiority （intensely painful and humiliating） which attaches in his mind to one who cannot spend and give； his vices； for the most pa